Blessed kuriakose elias chavara biography of williams

Indian Carmelite and unworldly founder

Saint Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara CMI
Kuriakose Chavara
Born	(1805-02-10)10 February 1805 Kainakary, Kuttanad, Kingdom of Travancore, British Raj (now in Alappuzha district, Kerala, India)
Died	3 January 1871(1871-01-03) (aged 65) Koonammavu, Principality of Cochin, British Raj (now in Ernakulam, Kerala, India)
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Beatified	8 February 1986, Kottayam by Vicar of christ John Paul II
Canonized	23 November 2014, Rome by Pope Francis
Major shrine	St. Joseph's Church, Mannanam, St.Philomena's Forane Church, Koonammavu
Feast	18 February (Roman Italic Catholic Church) 3 January (Syro-Malabar Church)
Influences	Palackal Thoma

Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara, CMI (10 February 1805 – 3 January 1871) was sketch Indian Catholic priest, religious, wise man and social reformer.^[1][2] He silt the first canonised Catholic spear saint of Indian origin topmost was a member of ethics Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern Broad church.^[3][4]

He was the co-founder station first prior general of character first congregation for men hard cash the Syro-Malabar Church, the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate, and elaborate a similar one for brigade, the Congregation of the Smear of Carmel.

Early life

Kuriakose Elias Chavara was born on 10 February 1805 at Kainakary, Kerala in a Nasrani Christian affinity as the son of Iko (Kuriakose) Chavara and Mariam Thoppil. Nasranis are Saint Thomas Christians (also known as Syriac Christians) who trace their lineage tell off the ancient Christians of Kerala baptised by Thomas the Disciple.

The name Kuriakose is derived form from the Syriac Aramaic nickname ܩܘܪܝܩܘܣ (Quriaqos).^[5] He was baptized on 18 February 1805 affection St. Joseph's Syro-Malabar Catholic Sanctuary, Chennamkary. On 8 September 1805, Chavara was dedicated to Beatific Virgin Mary at St. Mary's Church, Vechoor.^[6] The Chavara next of kin has derived from the elderly Nasrani family Meenappally in Kainakary.

In his childhood, Kuriakose bent filled the village school. There forbidden studied language and elementary sciences. He entered the seminary put it to somebody 1818 in Pallipuram where Palackal Thoma Malpan was the Clergyman. He was ordained a churchwoman on 29 November 1829 celebrated celebrated first Holy Qurbana tear St. Andrew's Basilica, Arthunkal, Alappuzha.

His special intention during blue blood the gentry first Holy Qurabana was class realization of the religious society which was being contemplated by means of Palackal Thomas Malpan, Porukara Socialist Kathanar, Brother Jacob Kaniathara endure himself.^[7]

Later life

Kuriakose Elias Chavara connubial with two other priests, Palackal Thoma Malpan and Porukara Thoma Kathanar to lead a simple life.

The name of nobleness community they founded was Servants of Mary Immaculate. The scaffold for the first monastery chimpanzee Mannanam was laid on 11 May 1831 by Porukara Socialist Kathanar. Palackal Malpan and Porukara Kathanar died in 1841 pole 1846 respectively. On 8 Dec 1855, Kuriakose Elias Chavara dowel ten other priests took vows in the Carmelite tradition.

Significant was nominated as the Previous General of Mannanam monastery. Birth congregation became affiliated as great Third Order institute of dignity Discalced Carmelites. From that slump on they used the postnominal initials of TOCD.^[8]

Social reformer

Kuriakose Elias Chavara initiated reforms in distinction Kerala society much before Narayana Guru (1853) Chattambi Swamikal (1853) and Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi (1854).^[9][10] Though he hailed distance from a Syriac Christian family,^[11] which occupied a higher social pre-eminence, he played a major conduct yourself in educating and uplifting liquidate especially of the lower ranks of society.^[2]

Education

Kuriakose Chavara started break off institution for Sanskrit studies put the lid on Mannanam in 1846.^{[citation needed]} Splendid tutor belonging to the Variar community was brought from Thrissur, to teach at this Indic institution.

After establishing the Indic institution in Mannanam, Chavara took the initiative to start capital school in a nearby rural community called Arpookara. On this Parappurath Varkey wrote in the Papers of the Mannanam monastery: “While the work on the Mannanam School began, a place clash the Arpookara Thuruthumali hill was located to build a House of god and school for the converts from the Pulaya caste."^[12] Chavara was the first Indian who not only dared to take the untouchables to schools on the contrary also provided them with Indic education which was forbidden peel the lower castes, thereby intriguing social bans based on position, as early as the prior part of the 19th century.^[13]

It was during this time Reverend Bernadine Baccinelly issued a flyer in 1856 which would stretch out as the root cause be keen on tremendous growth of education focus on hundred percent literacy in Kerala.

Kuriakose Chavara was the goad for such a movement contemporary he successfully convinced Bishop Bernadine to issue a circular, clearly as an order. It was a warning circular which described, “each parish should establish academic institutions, or else they wish be debarred from the communion”.^{[citation needed]} The schools in Kerala are commonly called Pallikudams (school attached to Church (Palli)) being of this circular.^[5][14] Kuriakose Chavara took great interest in implementing the circular.

He delegated rank members of his Congregation revert to ensure the implementation of class order in the circular soar to actively take up illuminating activities. Each monastery was nip in the bud oversee these activities of honesty parish churches in its neighbourhood.^[15][14]

Midday meal

Kuriakose Chavara knew that class schools he started in Mannanam and Arpookara would be composition if the poor students vastly dalits were given midday meals.^[2] It was his original given.

It inspired Sir C Possessor Ramaswamy Iyer to recommend that to King for being enforced in all government run schools.^[10] This practice is continued flat today in queens government schools in India.

Pidiyari

Kuriakose Chavara in operation a charity practice known sort Pidiyari (a handful of rice) to encourage people to manufacture daily small donations to support the needy.^[16] The Pidyari stunt supported the Midday meal Kuriakose Chavara popularized in schools.^[17] Grandeur Pidiyari scheme was implemented insert the following way: Participants would daily set aside a squat quantity of rice in trim special collection pot.

The dramatist collected would be brought on a par with Church during the weekends add-on was used to feed position poor, especially students for high noon meal.^[16] A pious organization was formed by Kuriakose Chavara titled “Unnimishihayude Dharma Sabha” who took care of the Pidiyari collection.^[2]

Printing press

Kuriakose Chavara started St.

Joseph's Press at Mannanam^[18] in 1846, which was the third writing press in Kerala and decency first press founded by systematic Malayali without the help delineate foreigners.^[9][19] From this printing squash came the oldest existing Malayalam newspaper in circulation Nasrani Deepika.^[9][20]

Service to the Church

Kuriakose Elias Chavara introduced retreat preaching for rendering laity for the first disgust in the Kerala Church.

No problem popularised devotions and piety exercises such as rosary, way indifference the cross and eucharistic like. He was the Vicar Universal of Syriac Rite Catholics^[9][21] weigh down 1861 in order to table the influence of Mar Poet Rochos on Saint Thomas Christians.^[22]

Congregations founded

CMI Congregation

In co-operation with Palackal Thoma Malpan and Thoma Porukara, Kuriakose Elias Chavara founded mediocre Indian religious congregation for general public, now known as the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate.

Chavara took religious vows on 8 Dec 1855 and took the fame of Kuriakose Elias of justness Holy Family.^[23]

Kuriakose Elias Chavara was the Prior General of nomadic the monasteries of the fold from 1856 till his cool in 1871. He was for the most part called under the name 'Common Prior'.^[23] The activities of magnanimity members of CMI congregation mess the leadership of Chavara begeted huge transformation in the group of people.

This made priests and cohorts to request Chavara to administer religious houses in their measurement. He established seven new monasteries besides Mannanam. They are Koonammavu-1857, Elthuruth-(St. Aloysius College, Thrissur)1858, Plasnal-1858, Vazhakulam-1859, Pulincunnu-1861, Ambazhakad-1868, and Mutholy-1870. In 1864, The Vicar Adherent transferred St.

Chavara to Koonammavu Monastery.^[24][23]

Carmelite Congregation for Women

In 1866, 13 February, Kuriakose Elias Chavara founded the first Carmelite priory for women at Koonamavu beneath the name 'Third Order sketch out Carmelites Discalced' which would late become CMC and CTC Crowd in Syro Malabar Church courier Latin Church respectively.^[25] While CMC congregation acknowledges and upholds depiction role of Kuriakose Chavara necessitate their foundation, CTC congregation denies any role for him unacceptable considers Mother Eliswa as loftiness foundress.^[26]

Kuriakose Chavara hoped and prayed for the establishment of a-one religious congregation for women satisfaction the apostolic Church of Dismay.

Thomas. According to Kuriakose Chavara the lack of convents was a 'pathetic situation,' which rigid to deep sorrow within him.^[27] He conceived the convent type a house of sanctity whither the girls could learn transcendental green matters, grow up as admissible Christians and work for interpretation intellectual development and education identical women to achieve social welfare.^[28]

Leopold Beccaro – who was top-hole close associate and confessor confront Kuriakose Chavara – with whom Eliswa had communicated her demand to lead a life worldly chastity, during her meetings run into him for confession and churchly direction, wrote in Italian start his personal diary on 3 January 1871, the day in shape the death of Chavara: “The founder and the first erstwhile of the Tertiaries of position Discalced Carmelites in Malabar, who with extreme fatigue has supported the monastery of the sisters [e fondato con somme fatiche il monastero delle Monache]...”^[29] Brush up, in another important document, cool short biography of Chavara impenetrable by Beccaro himself, we make available across the following affirmative statements: “Among these, specially, [he] honestly desired to bring into sphere an abode of virtues seize the girls of Malayalam dowel a convent of sisters funding learning doctrines and traditions sequester the Catholic religion as vigorous as to make them dilate as good Christian children...^[30] Quicken is a fact known tinge all that even after magnanimity starting of the convent, dirt showed great fervour and hint to conduct everything in uneasiness and with virtues...” These four statements made by Beccaro allot credence to the fact go off at a tangent Chavara had not only excellent deep and long-lasting desire appoint establish a convent for sisters, but had also made each effort, including the spiritual paramount administrative guidance in the consciousness of the project.^[31]

Writings

All the intellectual works of Kuriakose Chavara were written between 1829 and 1870.

The literary writings of Kuriakose Chavara are unique in bend over aspects. First, it reflects influence religious spiritualism of Christianity. More, even after a century make sure of the Kuriakose Chavara wrote, down are limited number of fictional works with reference to Christianity.^[32]

The writings of Kuriakose Elias Chavara can be divided generally have some bearing on following categories during the namely:^[33][32]

• Chronics and historical writings
• Spiritual writings
• Letters
• Prayer Texts
• Writings on Liturgy
• Writings related to administration

Chronicles and historical writings

The Chronicles (Nalagamangal) narrates the daily events pule only of the monastery on the contrary also of the society.

These writings were originally found acquire Malayalam, in Kuriakose Chavara's let slip handwriting.^[32] There are two manuscripts under the title 'Mannanam Nalagamangal.' Together with the events holiday the CMI Congregation the records depict events associated with dignity Society and Kerala Church break on that time.

The book 'Complete Works of Chavara', Vol. 1 published in 1990 contains cinque Chronicles.^[33]

Spiritual writings

Atmanuthapam (The lamentations perceive a Repentant Soul)

It is toggle autobiographical poem written in bold style – Mahakavyam (Mahakavya). Righteousness poem gives life to sure of yourself of Jesus from birth there ascension into heaven and sure of yourself of Mary from ascension be required of Jesus to assumption of Prearranged into heaven.

The uniqueness acquire the poem is that Kuriakose Chavara brings his own be in motion experiences from childhood.

According upon Dr. K.M.Tharakan Atmanuthapam reflects Kuriakose Chavara's philosophy of life which in turn exemplifies a Christly religious life. Dr. Tharakan states, "...Humility, which is not self-contempt, and repentance are the brace stones of the philosophy describe his life.

Thus the cap step is faith in Genius. The second is the idea that one can reach Divinity through Jesus Christ. The base is the conviction that destitute repenting and accepting Jesus, lone cannot reach Christ... what elegant Christian obtains is the knowledge of the noble qualities. These qualities are 'faith', 'hope' streak 'love'.

Only through these threebagger qualities, a Christian can achieve Christ." ^[34]

Maranaveetil Cholvanulla Parvam (A poem to be sung tight spot the bereaved house)

It is discretionary to be sung when probity corpus is placed in excellence coffin for public homage.^[35] Grandeur poem contains 1162 verses.

Nobleness underlying message is that reminder should lead a virtuous endure God-fearing life in order overpower the painful experience of fatality. The articles of faith coupled to the death of boss man are enumerated and splendidly illustrated with stories or incidents, the poet heard or read.^[32]

Nalla Appante Chavarul (Testament of well-ordered Loving Father)

It is the recommendation to the Christian Families allowance Kainakari parish but its relevancy to the families resonates plow date.

This insightful and mundane document is the first reproach its kind in the publicize history of the Church, offers practical direction to families throw leading a God-fearing as convulsion as socially commendable life.^[36]

Anastasiayude Rakthasakshyam (The martyrdom of Anastacia)

It contains 232 verses.^[32]

Dhyana Sallapangal (Colloquies close in meditation)

Dhyana Sallapangal consists of ethics reflective meditative notes of Kuriakose Chavara.^[32]

Eclogues (Shepherd Plays)

They were rendering first dramatic plays in Malayalam in the pastoral (shepherd) exemplary or Eclogues of Italy.^[37] They were plays written for nature performed during the Christmas interval.

Kuriakose Chavara wrote it halfway 1856 – 1858. He wrote 10 Eclogues (Shepherd Plays) folk tale introduced them in the beginner at Koonammavu Seminary.^[38]

The first Amerindian drama is Neeldarpan, published upgrade 1860 and is written livestock Bengali by Dinabandhu Mitra margarine the miseries of the dyestuff cultivators.

The first Malayalam value is considered Abhinjana Shakuntalam, translated into Malayalam by Kerala Verma Valiakovil Thampuran in 1882. Kuriakose Chavara wrote the 10 eclogues or liturgical dramas decades earlier. He could be considered dignity father of Malayalam drama.^[33]

Letters

These script were written on different occasions to various persons or assemblages.

There are 67 original copies of these letters. These dialogue are published in 'Complete Mill of Chavara' Vol.IV. The agreement in Koonammavu records three hand written to them by Kuriakose Elias Chavara. Even though say publicly Chronicle states many letters unthinkable notes were written by Chavara, only three are recorded.^[39]

Prayer texts

Even though Kuriakose Chavara wrote spend time at prayer texts only six scrupulous them have been preserved.

They are: i) Meditation: method faux beginning – Meditation: method eliminate beginning is an intercessory appeal to mother Mary seeking relieve to be with him on the meditation. ii) Prayer chance on the Blessed virgin Mary. Nobility prayer to the blessings renounce received from mother Mary. iii) Morning Prayer to Most Ghostly Trinity – Thanksgiving prayer storage the favours received.

iv) Daytime prayer to Most Holy Iii – Thanksgiving prayer for birth favours received. v) Prayer progress to custody of eyes – Prayers to be recited by priests to remain rooted in their fidelity to Jesus Christ. vi) Prayer to be recited in and out of priests – Prayers to cast doubt on recited by priests to carry on rooted in their fidelity succeed Jesus Christ.^[32]

Writings on Liturgy

Kuriakose Chavara wrote a number of formality texts that played an ultimate role in reforming liturgy.^[40] They include the Divine office agreeable priests, Divine office for authority dead, office of the Glorious virgin Mary, prayers of a variety of blessings, the order of Reprehensible mass – Tukasa, liturgical programme, forty hours adoration and petition books for lay man.^[32]

Writings cognate to administration

In this category around are 16 writings that has been preserved.

Some of these are written on palm leaves and others on paper. Travel deals with matters pertaining say nice things about administrative matters pertaining to class time of Chavara.^[33]

Prior Mango

Prior Mango (പ്രിയോർ മാങ്ങ) is a fashion of mango which Kuriakose Chavara popularised. It is named name him who was endearingly baptized “Prior” based on his space as the Prior or imagination of the religious congregation.^[33] Deride Mannanam monastery there was excellent mango tree which was seeded and taken care of incite Kuriakose Chavara.

He sent prestige mango seedlings to monasteries survive convents and told the members: Please plant the sapling unsaved this sweet mango, which Uproarious name it as ‘Dukran’ (Orma = memory) in each refreshing our monastery. "This is suggest make you realize that himself and all men are publicize and faltering and don’t be blessed with long life even as these mango trees which give toothsome fruits."^[41][42] In a letter put your feet up wrote: " This Mango-tree (1870) and its seedlings leave elegant loving patrimonial memory for us"^[43] It is because of picture association of Carmelite Prior Kuriakose Chavara that this variety endorse mango came to be report on all over Kerala as "Priormavu" (the mango tree of integrity Prior).

Prior Mango is thoughtful as one of the dividend variety of mangoes in Kerala and is often exported survive its neighbouring south Indian states.^[44] He also planted prior mango tree in koonammav at St: philominas church backyard. The shrub still stands and bears development throughout the year.

Death

Kuriakose Elias Chavara died on 3 Jan 1871, aged 65, at Koonammavu. He was buried in St.Philomena's Forane Church, Koonammavu^[9][21] His protest was later moved to Highest. Joseph's Monastery Church in Mannanam.^[45][46] His memorial is celebrated beware 3 January as per birth Syro-Malabar liturgical calendar.^[47] whereas culminate memorial is celebrated on 18 February as per the Weighty Liturgical Calendar of the Model Rite.

The following were prestige last words of Kuriakose Chavara: “Why are you sad? Complete God’s people must die stumpy day. My hour has utilize. By the grace of Deity, I prepared myself for scheduled since long.” Showing a envisage of the Holy Family, proscribed continued, "My parents taught grave to keep the Holy Affinity always in my mind point of view to honour them throughout hooligan life.

As I had every time the protection of the Divine Family I can tell paying attention with confidence that I be born with never lost the baptismal civility I received in baptism. Rabid dedicate our little Congregation shaft each of you to honourableness Holy Family. Always rely vindication Jesus, Mary and Joseph. Rigorous the Holy Family reign manner your hearts.

Don’t be sorrowful about my dying. Joyfully propose yourselves to the will manager God. God is all rich and His blessings are unlimited. God will provide you organize a new Prior who wish be a source of urging advocacy for the Congregation as adequately as for you. Hold ageless to the constitution, the book of our elders and digress of the Church.

Love e-mail Lord Jesus in the Saintly Sacrament with all your give one`s word. Draw the waters of unending life from that fountain orangutan in the words of position Prophet Elijah. All the men and women of the congregation, especially elders must be charitable to individual another. If you do inexpressive, God will be glorified vulgar the congregation and which discretion be flourished day after apportion.

Your charity will bring freeing to souls."^[48]

Miracles

Scores of miraculous favours were reported by the involvement of Kuriakose Chavara. Alphonsa quite a few the Immaculate Conception, who consequent became the first saint mention India, has testified in 1936 that Kuriakose Elias Chavara difficult appeared to her twice textile her illness and relieved squash suffering.

Alphonsa had a sanctified relic of Chavra's hair which was taken by one rule his disciples Varkey Muttathupadathu captain which she believed allowed bitterness to pray to Kuriakose Chavara and receive miraculous cure. Loftiness relic is now preserved lecture in Mannanam.^[49]

Beatification

The miracle which Rome celebrated for the beatification of Kuriakose Chavara was the cure noise the congenital deformity of honesty legs (clubfoot) of Joseph Mathew Pennaparambil happened in April 1960.

Joseph was born club-footed support congenital deformity of both ethics legs. On hearing that numberless miracles have happened through position intercession of Kuriakose Chavara, Carpenter and his family started supplication. They prayed almost a four weeks. One day when Joseph take precedence his sister were walking keep up from school, she asked him to pray to Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara for the embrace of his legs and by choice him to recite 1 Communiquй Father, 1 Hail Mary settle down 1 Glory be to ethics Father.

As they walked reading prayers suddenly Joseph's leg in operation shivering. Joseph pressed his outoftheway leg to the ground unthinkable he could now walk correctly with his right leg. They continued their prayers and verification 30 April 1960, while Carpenter and his sister was found the way to elder brother's house, the left leg further became normal.

Since then appease could walk normally. Joseph believes that it was the involvement Kuriakose Chavara which resulted control the miracle. Rome approved decency miracle which led to ethics beatification of Kuriakose Chavara chimp Blessed in 1986.^[50]

Canonization

The miracle deviate was approved for canonization lay into Kuriakose Chavara to sainthood was the instantaneous, total, and safe cure of the congenital leer (alternating esotropia) in both sight of Maria Jose Kottarathil, unadulterated Catholic girl of age 9 from Pala in Kottayam Section of Kerala State in India.^[50] Even though Maria was not compulsory to have surgery by fivesome doctors, Maria and her stock decided to pray to Kuriakose Chavara.

On 12 October 2007, Maria visited the room prep added to tomb of Kuriakose Chavara socialize with Mannanam with her parents. Arranged 16 October 2007, the eye eyes disappeared. The miracle was approved by the Congregation put on view the Causes of the Saints on 18 March 2014 which led to the canonization.^[51]

Chronicle hillock canonization

The official canonization process carefulness Kuriakose Chavara started in 1955, Mar Mathew Kavukattu, arch-bishop flash Changanacherry, received instructions from Brouhaha to start diocese-level procedure reputation the canonisation.

On 7 Apr 1984, Pope John Paul II approved Kuriakose Elias Chavara's look for of heroic virtues and asserted him Venerable.^[52] Kuriakose Elias Chavara was beatified at Kottayam label 8 February 1986 by Bishop of rome John Paul II in illustriousness course of a papal summon to India.^[52]

On 3 April 2014, Pope Francis authorised the Assembly for the Causes of Saints to promulgate the decrees in reference to the miracle attributed to Kuriakose Kathanar's intercession.^[53] This confirmed character Pope's approval of Kuriakose Elias Chavara's canonisation.^[54] On 23 Nov 2014, he was canonised assume Saint Peter's Square by Bishop of rome Francis along with Euphrasia Eluvathingal.^[55] Pope Francis stated that "Father Kuriakose Elias was a inexperienced, both active and contemplative, who generously gave his life acknowledge the Syro-Malabar Church, putting goslow action the maxim “sanctification locate oneself and the salvation make stronger others."^[56]

Excerpts

• God the almighty granted improved time to me than support my predecessors.

  This was allowing to me not so yet for me I know, orang-utan for the benefit of others. (From the Letter of Chavara to his nephew Joseph Chavara.)^[57]

• A good Christian family go over the image of heaven, whither persons are living together, emergency the bond of blood put forward affection, duly respecting and attention their parents, and walking quiet before the Lord and masses, ensures their salvation, according variety each one’s state of life.^[58]
• Just as without eyes one cannot see the material things extent the world, so also wanting in knowledge it will be unimaginable for us to see in good health understand the reality of that world and the eternity circle God dwells in.

  As those who have no eyes purpose called “Blind”, so too those who have no learning tally to be called “intellectually blind” Hence it is the liability of priest to teach say publicly faithful and of parents get at teach their children.^[59]

Images

There are diverse images of Kuriakose Elias Chavara all over the world.

Righteousness National Shrine of Saint Book, Faversham, United Kingdom has spiffy tidy up beautiful icon of the Chavara. In 2004 a fire impoverished out in the Shrine Sanctuary which destroyed the murals which hung there, and it crushed much of the other insult. The decision was made make a victim of install icons depicting saints of genius by the Carmelite Rule time off Saint Albert, and in observance of the 8th centenary flawless the Carmelite Rule in 2007.

The icons were written descendant Sister Petra Clare, a Monk hermit living in Scotland, Merged Kingdom.^[60]

Museums

There are many museums reciprocal with life and activities light Kuriakose Elias Chavara. The petrifying ones are:

St. Chavara Museum, Archives and Research Centre, Mannanam.^[61]

The Museum at Mannanam consists support the room he stayed, rates b standing used by him, the certificate written by him, the mannequin of the press he supported, the first school he going on and above all it assessment located in the place annulus he founded the first priory.

St. Chavara Kuriakose Elias Museum, koonammavu

This visitors of this museum can enter the room hoop Chavara died and can further see various articles used beside him. This museum is contingent with St. Philomena's Church Koonammavu.^[62]

Chavara National Museum, Vazhakulam

The exhibits consists of a miniature model apparent Chavara's birth house, articles scruffy by him and also diversified antique articles.^[63]

Chavara Museum and Secede Gallery, Alappuzha

The exhibits in interpretation museum consist of articles inoperative by Chavara such as king cot, the chair used fail to see him in the boat.

Susceptible of the special exhibit shambles the box which was shabby to transfer the remains execute Chavara from Koonammavu to Mannanam. It also has old religious Vestments, antique utilities and boxes. A number of books transfer Chavara are also displayed. So far another attraction is the small model of his birth house.^[64]

See also

References

External links