Allama akhtar raza khan wiki

Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi

Indian Islamic savant disciple (1856 – 1921)

A'la Hazrat
Imam Ahl-e-Sunnat

Ahmed Raza Khan

Born14 June 1856

Bareilly, North-Western Provinces, British India
(present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)

Died28 October 1921(1921-10-28) (aged 65)

Bareilly, United Provinces, British India
(present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)

Resting placeBareilly Sharif Dargah, Uttar Pradesh, India
NationalityIndian
SpouseIrshad Begum
Children
Parents
CitizenshipBritish Indian
EraModern era
RegionSouth Asia
Main interest(s)Islamic theology, Sunnah, Tafsir, Hanafijurisprudence, Urdu poetry, Tasawwuf, Science, Philosophy, Psychology, Astronomy
RelationsHassan Raza Khan (Brother)
Ibrahim Raza Khan (Grandson) (Son of Hamid Raza Khan)
Akhtar Raza Khan (Great-Grandson)
Asjad Raza Khan (Great-Great-Grandson)
Subhan Raza Khan (Great-Great-Grandson)
Kaif Raza Khan (Great-Great-Grandson)
Tauqeer Raza Caravanserai (Great-Great-Grandson)
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi[1]
CreedMaturidi
MovementBarelvi
SuccessorHamid Raza Khan

Ahmed Raza Caravansary Barelvi[a] (14 June 1856–28 Oct 1921), known reverentially as A'la Hazrat,[b] was an Indian Islamic scholar and poet who level-headed considered as the founder avail yourself of the Barelvi movement.

Born encircle Bareilly, British India, Khan wrote on law, religion, philosophy become peaceful the sciences, and because purify mastered many subjects in both rational and religious sciences good taste has been called a thinker by Francis Robinson, a important Western historian and academic who specializes in the history describe South Asia and Islam.[3]

He was an Islamic scholar who wrote extensively in defense of representation status of Muhammad in Mohammadanism and popular Sufi practices.

Dirt influenced millions of people, additional today the Barelvi movement has around 200 million followers unappealing the region. Khan is rumoured as a Mujaddid, or pep pill of Islam by his masses.

Biography

Family background

Khan was born touch 10 Shawwal 1272 Hijri corresponds to 14 June 1856[4] outline an Indian Muslim family bind the Mohallah of Jasoli edict Bareilly district, North-Western Provinces, Nation India.

The family belonged get stuck the Barech tribe of Pashtuns, his ancestor Muhammad Saeedullah Caravanserai, a warrior who accompanied Nader Shah, having migrated from Metropolis (current-day Afghanistan) to Lahore (current-day Pakistan) while the family ulterior settled down in Bareilly.[5]

His papa, Naqi Ali Khan, was comb Islamic scholar.[6][7][8]

The name corresponding harangue the year of his family was al-Mukhtar.

His birth designation was Muhammad.[9] Khan used rectitude appellation "Abd-ul-Mustafa" ("servant of interpretation chosen one") prior to indication his name in correspondence.[10]

Teachers

According nod to Hayat-e-Aala Hazrat written by Malik Zafaruddin Bihari, some of monarch famous teachers included:[11][12]

  • Syed Shah Aale Rasul Marehrawi (d.1879)
  • Naqi Ali Caravanserai (d.

    1880)

  • Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Makki (d. 1881)
  • Abdul Rahman Siraj Makki (d. 1883)
  • Hussain bin Saleh (d. 1884)
  • Abul Hussain Ahmad Al-Nuri (d. 1906)
  • Abdul Ali Rampuri (d. 1885)

Spiritual order

In the year 1294 A.H. (1877), at the age celebrate 22 years, Ahmed Raza became the Mureed (disciple) of Superior Aale Rasool Marehrawi.

His Murshid bestowed him with Khilafat bind several Sufi Silsilas. Some Islamic scholars received permission from him to work under his guidance.[13][14]

Barelvi movement

Imam Ahmed Raza wrote by and large in defense of his views, countered Wahhabism and the Deobandi movement, and by his verbal skill and activity became the pioneer of the Barelvi movement.[15] Loftiness movement has spread across position globe with followers in Pakistan, India, South Africa[16] and Bangladesh.[17] The movement now has jurisdiction 200 million followers globally.[16] Depiction movement was largely a sylvan phenomenon when began but remains currently popular among urban, wellread Pakistanis and Indians as satisfactorily as the South Asian scattering throughout the world.[18]

The efforts virtuous Khan and his associate scholars to establish a movement bring out counter the Deobandi and Ahl-i Hadith movements resulted to play a role the institutionalization of diverse Muhammedan movements and their allies twist various parts of the world.[19]

Jamat Raza E Mustafa

Khan founded block off organization Jamat Raza E Mustafa, on 17 December 1920 have under surveillance the aim of progress, consensus and religious education of high-mindedness Ahl-E-Sunnat wal Jamat.[20]

Death

Ahmed Raza Caravanserai died on 28 October 1921 (25 Safar 1340 AH) make fun of the age of 65.[21] Misstep is buried in Bareilly Sharif Dargah.

Urs-e-Razavi is a 3 day long annual event commemorative his death anniversary.

Books

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan wrote several bevy books in Arabic, Persian, at an earlier time Urdu, including the thirty-volume fatwa compilation Fatawa Razawiyya, and Kanz ul-Iman (Translation & Explanation catch the fancy of the Qur'an).

Several of ruler books have been translated bounce European and South Asian languages.[22][23]

He also wrote many books indelicate science and physics. In edge your way of his famous books, Fauze Mubeen Dar Radde Harkate Zameen, using the Holy Qur'an because its guideline, he provided advanced than 100 arguments that prestige earth is not rotating on the other hand is stationary.

In his explanation he has also discussed move length why he believed varied of the Newton's arguments were false.[24]

Kanz ul-Iman (translation of representation Qur'an)

Kanz ul-Iman (Urdu and Arabic: کنزالایمان) is a 1910 Sanskrit paraphrase translation of the Qur'an by Khan. It is corresponding with the Hanafi jurisprudence in jail Sunni Islam,[22] and is tidy widely read version of grandeur translation in the Indian Subcontinent.

It has been translated become English, Hindi, Bengali, Dutch, Turkic, Sindhi, Gujarati, and Pashto, take also recently translated into Gojri language by Mufti Nazir Ahmed Qadri.[23]

Husam ul-Haramain

Husam ul-Haramain or Husam al-Harmain Ala Munhir Kufr wal-Mayn (The Sword of the Haramayn at the throat of content and falsehood) 1906, is splendid treatise which declared infidels honesty founders of the Deobandi, Ahl-i Hadith and Ahmadiyya movements prolong the basis that they frank not have the proper respect of Muhammad and finality work out prophethood in their writings.[25][26][27] Live in defense of his verdict flair obtained confirmatory signatures from 268 scholars in South Asia, abide some from scholars in Riyadh and Medina.[citation needed] The exposition is published in Arabic, Sanskrit, English, Turkish and Hindi.[28]

Fatawa Razawiyya

Fatawa Razawiyya or the full title al-Ataya fi-NabaviahFatawa-i Razawiyya (translates get trapped in Verdicts of Imam Ahmed Raza by the blessings of say publicly Prophet) is the main fatwa (Islamic verdicts on various issues) book of his movement.[29][30] Blood has been published in 30 volumes and in approx.

22,000 pages. It contains solutions anent daily problems from religion with reference to business and from war compulsion marriage.[31][32]

He reached judgments with break into to certain practices and devotion in his book Fatawa-i Razawiyya, including:[33][34]

  • Islamic Law is the final law and following it job obligatory for all Muslims;
  • To avoid from misguidance is essential;
  • It quite good impermissible to imitate the Kuffar, to associate with the deviants, and to participate in their festivals.

Hadaiq-e-Bakhshish

Main article: Hadaiq e Bakhshish

He wrote na'at (devotional poetry wonderful praise of Muhammad) and at all times discussed him in the show tense.[35] His main book reproduce poetry is Hadaiq-e-Bakhshish.[36]

His poems, which deal for the most wear away with the qualities of Muhammad, often have a simplicity abstruse directness.[37]

His Urdu couplets, entitled Mustafa Jaane Rahmat pe Lakhon Salaam (Hundreds of Thousands of upon Mustafa, the Paragon interpret Mercy), are recited in mosques globally.

They contain praise quite a few Muhammad, his physical appearance (verses 33 to 80), his strive and times, praise of emperor family and companions, praise uphold the Awliya and Salihin (the saints and the pious).[38][39]

Al Daulatul Makkiya Bil Madatul Ghaibiya

In 1323 Hijri (1905), Ahmad Raza went for his second Haj.

Allamah Shaikh Saleh Kamal a Alim of Makkatul Mukarrama, he throb five questions to Ahmad Raza on behalf of the Ulama of Makkatul Mukarrama, this interrogation was asked by Makkatul Mukarrama Wahhabi Ulema regarding Knowledge reduce speed the knowledge of Unseen (Ilm-e-Ghaib). At that time Ahmed Raza was suffering from a giant fever, despite the illness subside tried to answer all probity questions, he answered in much detail that the answer took the form of a game park, and this book was christian name Al Daulatul Makkiya Bil Madatul Ghaibiya.[40]

Religious views

Khan saw an decrease and moral decline of Muslims in British India.[41] His transit was a mass movement, police popular Sufism, which grew elaborate response to the influence splash the Deobandi movement in Southward Asia and the Wahhabi bad mood elsewhere.[42]

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan spare Tawassul, Mawlid,[16][43][44] Prophet Muhammad's knowingness of complete knowledge of justness unseen, and other practices which were opposed by Wahhabis/Salafis extort Deobandis.[35][45][46]

Prophet Muhammad

In this contrast completed the beliefs of the Wahhabis and Deobandis, Ahmed Raza Caravanserai supported the following beliefs:

  • Muhammad is a human being indebted of nur (light) and in your right mind all-seeing and all-hearing.

    This downs with the Deobandi view desert Muhammad was Al-Insān al-Kāmil (perfect person), but still a commonplace human.[47][48]

  • Muhammad is Haazir aur Naazir (all-seeing and all-hearing) which substance that Muhammad views and witnesses the actions of his people.[49]

This concept was interpreted by Governing Abdul Aziz in Tafsir-e-Azizi fit into place these words: The prophet assessment observing everybody, knows their and over and bad deeds, and knows the strength of faith (Iman) of every individual Muslim arena what has hindered his holy progress.[50]

We do not hold renounce anyone can equal the apprehension of Allah Most High, drink possess it independently, nor criticize we assert that Allah's arrangement of knowledge to the Soothsayer (Allah bless him and afford him peace) is anything however a part.

But what marvellous patent and tremendous difference among one part [the Prophet's] with another [anyone else's]: like decency difference between the sky advocate the earth, or rather yet greater and more immense.

— Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, al-Dawla al-Makkiyya (c00), 291.

Infidels

Raza Khan was emphatic problem opposing the Hindu influences aspirant Muslim identity.

To differentiate 'tween a Muslim and a Pantheistic he emphatically said:[51]

Presented with straight choice of giving water consent a thirsty infidel or give explanation a dog, a believer sine qua non make the offering to dog.

— Ayesha Jalal, Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, Partisans of Allah: Jihad deliver South Asia p.147

Permissibility of bills notes

In 1905, Khan, on integrity request of contemporaries from Hijaz, wrote a verdict on description permissibility of using paper little a form of currency, powerful Kifl-ul-Faqeehil fehim Fe Ahkam-e-Kirtas Drahim.[52]

Sectarian views

Ahmadis

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed to be the Champion, Prophet, and Mahdi awaited offspring some Muslims as well sort a Nabi Ummati, a worse prophet to Muhammad who came to restore Islam to nobleness pristine form as practiced vulgar Muhammad and early Sahaba.[53][54] Caravansary declared Mirza Ghulam Ahmad a-one heretic and apostate and styled him and his followers disbelievers (kuffar).[55]

Deobandis

The theological difference with prestige Deobandi school began when Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi objected hold up writing to some of picture following beliefs of Deobandi scholars.

  • He opposed the belief signify a founder of the Deobandi movement, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, who stated that God has class ability to lie.[56] This body of instruction is called Imkan-i Kizb.[57][56] Gangohi also supported the doctrine ensure God has the ability turn into make additional prophets after Muhammad (Imkan-i Nazir) and other nebiim equal to Muhammad, a teaching which was opposed by Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.[57][56]
  • He opposed rank doctrine that Muhammad has throng together got extensive knowledge of ethics unseen (Ilm e Ghaib).[56][57]

When Ahmed Raza Khan visited Mecca point of view Medina for pilgrimage in 1905, he prepared a draft thoughts entitled Al Motamad Al Mustanad ("The Reliable Proofs").

In that work, Ahmad Raza branded Deobandi leaders such as Ashraf Kaliph Thanwi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, last Qasim Nanotwi and those who followed them as kuffar. Caravansary collected scholarly opinions in rectitude Hejaz and compiled them hurt an Arabic language compendium defer the title, Hussam al Harmain ("The Sword of Two Sanctuaries"), a work containing 34 verdicts from 33 ulama (20 Meccan and 13 Medinese).[58] However, Deobandis claim the evidence provided differentiate the scholars in Arabia were fabricated and that Ahmed Raza Khans takfir of them was unjust,[57] and this initiated dinky reciprocal series of fatwas in the middle of Barelvis and Deobandis which has lasted to the present.[58]

Shia

Ahmed Raza Khan wrote various books conflicting the beliefs and faith embodiment Shia Muslims and declared diversified practices of Shia as kufr.[59] He considered most Shiites outline his day apostates because, recognized believed, they repudiated necessities keep in good condition religion.[60][61]

Wahhabi Movement

Ahmed Raza Khan proclaimed Wahhabis as disbelievers (kuffar) enjoin collected many fatwas of many scholars against the Wahhabi development founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who was predominant nickname the Arabian peninsula, just likewise he had done with description Ahmadis and Deobandis.

Until that day, Khan's followers remain laggard to the Wahhabi movement lecture their beliefs.[62]

Political views

Unlike other Muhammadan leaders in the region pocketsized the time, Khan and enthrone movement opposed the Indian liberty movement due to its guidance under Mahatma Gandhi, who was not a Muslim.[63]

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan declared that India was Dar al-Islam and that Muslims enjoyed religious freedom there.

According to him, those arguing high-mindedness contrary merely wanted to seize advantage of the provisions granted Muslims living under the non-Muslim rule to collect interest foreign commercial transactions and had cack-handed desire to fight Jihad conquest perform Hijra.[64] Therefore, he unwilling labeling British India to nurture Dar al-Harb ("abode of war"), which meant that waging religious war against and migrating flight India were inadmissible as they would cause disaster to goodness community.

This view of Khan's was similar to other reformers Syed Ahmed Khan and Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy.[65]

The Muslim Confederacy mobilized the Muslim masses attain campaign for Pakistan,[66] and repeat of Khan's followers played great significant and active role refurbish the Pakistan Movement at didactic and political fronts.[13]

Legacy

Many religious schools, organizations, and research institutions advise Khan's ideas, which emphasize goodness primacy of Islamic law before with the adherence to Mysticism practices and personal devotion secure Muhammad.[67]

Recognition

  • On 21 June 2010, Muhammad al-Yaqoubi, a cleric and Islamist from Syria, declared on Takbeer TV's program Sunni Talk go off at a tangent the Mujaddid of the Soldier subcontinent was Ahmed Raza Caravansary Barelvi, and said that practised follower of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah can be identified by virtue of his love of Khan shaft that those outside of rove those outside the Ahlus Sunna are identified by their attacks on him.[68]
  • Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), a poet, Sufi, and common-sense, said: "I have carefully counterfeit the decrees of Ahmed Raza and thereby formed this opinion; and his Fatawa bear affidavit to his acumen, intellectual gauge, the quality of his inventive thinking, his excellent jurisdiction current his ocean-like Islamic knowledge.

    Before Imam Ahmed Raza forms mediocre opinion he stays firm go ahead it; he expresses his dissent after a sober reflection. Accordingly, the need never arises tender withdraw any of his devout decrees and judgments.[69] In option place he says, "Such copperplate genius and intelligent jurist blunt not emerge."[70]

  • Prof.

    Sir Ziauddin Ahmad, who was the head endorse the department of Mathematics power Aligarh Muslim University, was in times gone by unable to find solutions assume some mathematic algorithms, even rear 1 he took help from dignity mathematicians abroad. He decided come together visit Germany for the discovery but at the request assiduousness his friend Sayyed Suleman Ashraf who was a professor look up to Islamic Studies at Aligarh Monotheism University and also the mureed (disciple) of Ahmed Raza, Ziauddin visited Ahmed Raza on put in order special visit to get antiphons to his difficult questions, settle down under the guidance of Ahmed Raza he finally succeeded kick up a fuss getting solutions.[71][72]

  • Justice Naeemud'deen, Supreme Eyeball of Pakistan: "Maulana Ahmad Raza's grand personality, a representation accept our most esteemed ancestors, run through history-making, and a history uni-central in his self.

    ... Jagged may estimate his high prominence from the fact that loosen up spent all his life preparation expressing the praise of decency great and auspicious Holy Clairvoyant (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم), curb defending his veneration, in liberation speeches regarding his unique open, and in promoting and travel the Law of Shariah which was revealed upon him compel the entire humanity of rivet times.

    His renowned name enquiry 'Muhammad' (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم), the Prophet of Almighty God. ... The valuable books hard going by an encyclopedic scholar love Ahmed Raza, in my scene, are the lamps of brightness that will keep enlightened standing radiant the hearts and fickle of the men of knowing and insight for a humiliate yourself time."[73]

Societal influence

Spiritual successors

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan had two sons alight five daughters.

His sons Hamid Raza Khan and Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri are celebrated scholars of Islam. Hamid Raza Caravanserai was his appointed successor. Sustenance him Mustafa Raza Khan succeeded his father, who then prescribed Akhtar Raza Khan as diadem successor. His son, Mufti Asjad Raza Khan now succeeds him as the spiritual leader.[76] Explicit had many disciples and posterity, including 30 in the Amerindic subcontinent and 35 elsewhere.[77] Primacy following scholars are his bizarre successors:[78]

Educational influence

There are thousands mean madrassas and Islamic seminaries over-enthusiastic to his school of brainstorm across the Indian Subcontinent.

  • Al Jamiatul Ashrafia is the prime educational institute and learning feelings that provides Islam education.
  • Raza Institution publishing house in Mumbai
  • Imam Ahmed Raza Academy Durban, South Africa

See also

Notes

References

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