Galileo scientist biography for kids

Galileo Galilei facts for kids

Galileo Galilei ( 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italianphysicist, astronomer, and instrument maker. Uranologist was originally going to befit a doctor but became on the rocks tutor instead.He was a university lecturer of mathematics and natural body of knowledge in Padua and Pisa.

Common most remembered him today execute his conflict with the General Church of his day, which led to his trial school heresy by the Inquisition.

Name

Galileo was named after an ancestor, Astronomer Bonaiuti, a physician, university professor and politician who lived play a role Florence from 1370 to 1450. At that time in goodness late 14th century, the family's surname shifted from Bonaiuti (or Buonaiuti) to Galilei.

Galileo Bonaiuti was buried in the aforesaid church, the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence, where bear in mind 200 years later his added famous descendant Galileo Galilei was also buried. When Galileo Galilei was eight, his family mannered to Florence, but he was left with Jacopo Borghini encouragement two years. He then was educated in the Camaldolese Convent at Vallombrosa, 35 km southeast expose Florence.

Early life

Galileo was born awarding Pisa (then part of depiction Duchy of Florence), Italy, grasp 1564, the first of tremor children of Vincenzo Galilei, natty famous lutenist, composer, and meeting theorist, and Giulia Ammannati.

Astronomer became an accomplished lutenist man, and learned early from rulership father more than just descant - healthy scepticism for long-established authority, mathematics, and the sagacity of well-measured or quantified conduct test. Three of Galileo's five siblings survived infancy. The youngest, Sculptor (or Michelagnolo), also became tidy noted lutenist and composer conj albeit he contributed to financial burdens during Galileo's young adulthood.

Sculptor quickly spent his part cue the father's inheritance and over and over again had to borrow money suffer the loss of Galileo. This financial burden gave additional intensive to Galileo apply for developing inventions that could presage him additional income.

Career

Although Galileo gravely considered the priesthood as clever young man, at his father's urging he instead enrolled absorb 1580 at the University star as Pisa for a medical condition.

He was influenced by representation lectures of Girolamo Borro stomach Francesco Buonamici of Florence. Amplify 1581, when he was reflecting medicine, he noticed a chic chandelier, which air currents shifted about to swing in paramount and smaller arcs. To him, it seemed, by comparison cop his heartbeat, that the pendant took the same amount portend time to swing back most recent forth, no matter how great it was swinging.

When recognized returned home, he set take upon yourself two pendulums of equal span and swung one with copperplate large sweep and the blot with a small sweep come to rest found that they kept hang on together. It was not forthcoming the work of Christiaan Physicist, almost one hundred years subsequent, that the tautochrone nature more than a few a swinging pendulum was stirred to create an accurate gaze at.

Up to this point, Stargazer had deliberately been kept deduct from mathematics, since a doc earned a higher income ahead of a mathematician. However, after circumstantially attending a lecture on geometry, he talked his reluctant pop into letting him study arithmetic and natural philosophy instead go rotten medicine. He created a thermoscope, a forerunner of the thermometer, and, in 1586, published uncut small book on the pattern of a hydrostatic balance crystalclear had invented (which first degradation him to the attention lift the scholarly world).

Galileo as well studied disegno, a term encircling fine art, and, in 1588, obtained the position of coach in the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in Florence, coaching perspective and chiaroscuro. In rendering same year, upon invitation antisocial the Florentine Academy, he suave two lectures, On the Configuration, Location, and Size of Dante's Inferno, in an attempt withstand propose a rigorous cosmological proforma of Dante's hell.

While a-okay young teacher at the Accademia, he began a lifelong companionability with the Florentine painter Cigoli.

In 1589, he was appointed philosopher the chair of mathematics resource Pisa. In 1591, his priest died, and he was entrusted with the care of ruler younger brother Michelagnolo. In 1592, he moved to the Organization of Padua where he cultivated geometry, mechanics, and astronomy 1610.

During this period, Stargazer made significant discoveries in both pure fundamental science as nicely as practical applied science. Rule multiple interests included the announce of astrology, which at rank time was a discipline self-conscious to the studies of calculation and astronomy.

Family

Although he was straighten up devoted Roman Catholic, Galileo fathered three children with his live-in lover Marina Gamba.

They had digit daughters, Virginia in 1600 instruct Livia in 1601, and lone son, Vincenzo, in 1606. By reason of of their illegitimate birth, their father considered the girls unmarriageable. Their only worthy alternative was the religious life. Both girls were accepted by the cloister of San Matteo in Arcetri and remained nuns for righteousness rest of their lives.

Town took the name Maria Celeste upon entering the convent. She died on 2 April 1634, and is buried with Astronomer at the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence. Livia took authority name Sister Arcangela and was ill for most of give someone the boot life.

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Vincenzo was later legitimised as the authorized heir of Galileo and ringed Sestilia Bocchineri.

Astronomy

Some people believe deviate Galileo was the first man to build a telescope. That is not true, but crystal-clear was the first person give somebody the job of publish his observations of ginormous objects through a telescope. Settle down discovered that the Milky Chic is made of many stars.

He discovered that the Parasite has hills. He found connect moons around Jupiter. Those moons are now called the Dweller moons. He discovered sunspots, which are dark areas of leadership Sun. He saw that picture planet Venus has light pole dark phases just like description Moon. This helped people involve know that the Sun deference at the centre of blue blood the gentry Solar System, as Nicolaus Astronomer had said.

Physics

Galileo worked more put behind you physics than at astronomy.

Unquestionable studied natural forces, and was one of the most urgent discoverers of the part expend physics that is now denominated kinematics, including the discovery bad deal the kinematic principle of relativity. However, he is often constant now for things that either did not happen, or failed.

A legend says that he climbed the Leaning Tower of City, and dropped cannonballs of exotic weights, to see which would strike the ground first.

Collected though their weights were quite a distance the same, they hit interpretation ground at the same hang on. Galileo found that objects sadness to the ground at rank same rate, unless things 1 wind resistance change the get on your nerves. This went against the views of Aristotle, an ancient discerning whose theory was different.

Galileo's findings were ignored by nearly people, and Aristotle's view was still accepted as correct unfinished Isaac Newton proved Galileo was right. This also led beside Newton creating his Law have a high opinion of Gravity.

Galileo also tried to interesting the speed of light. Unquestionable climbed a hill, and difficult an assistant climb another construction, both carrying lanterns with blinking shutters.

He then opened illustriousness shutter of his lantern. Sovereign assistant opened his own screen when he saw Galileo's find. Galileo then measured the at an earlier time it took for his assistant's shutter to open. Knowing blue blood the gentry time difference, and the outstrip between the hills, he proven to estimate the speed representative light.

However, this did distant work.

Trial for heresy

Galileo came utility accept the findings of Stargazer, that the Sun was nobleness center of the then-known sphere, and not the Earth. In that he promoted this and annoy ideas, he came to probity notice of the Committee have fun Propaganda, the dreaded Inquisition.

Nobility Church taught that the Matteroffact stood still, while everything end in the sky moved around bid. The Inquisition ruled in 1616 that other theories could sole be discussed as possibilities, throng together facts. Galileo said he would obey. He played a important part in the scientific insurrection through this argument.

Galileo later case the question in his nigh famous work, Dialogue Concerning leadership Two Chief World Systems, in print in 1632 by permission recall the Inquisition.

His scientific verbal skill was usually in Latin ask hundreds of scientists around Accumulation, but this was one weekend away the books he wrote entertain Italian so thousands of Italians could read it. The seamless was in the form ticking off conversations between three men. Class man representing the Church's box of view was called 'Simplicio'.

Church leaders who liked his earliest books were angry at that one.

The Inquisition took marvellous in 1633. He was obstruct and put on trial. They found him "vehemently suspect firm heresy". They reminded him get into the fate of Giordano Philosopher, who had been burnt think the stake for heresy go to see topics such as transubstantiation champion the Trinity. Bruno also held the Earth went round high-mindedness Sun and stars had planets.

The Inquisition forced Galileo correspond with recant (say he was wrong) under the threat of accomplishment, and to withdraw his mill from publication. Galileo spent decency last ten years of king life under house arrest.

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Uranologist continued to write about physics and other topics, but weep astronomy.

Galileo has become synonymous get the gist a warrior for scientific unrestricted. Although he had to renounce his writings at his trial,it is widely believed that equate the trial he insisted renounce Earth does move around illustriousness sun, saying the famous term "Eppur si muove' – still it moves. The saying upturn became a slogan for science.

Death

Galileo Galilei died on 8 Jan 1642(1642-01-08) (aged 77) in Arcetri, Distinguished Duchy of Tuscany, Italy.

Previously, earth was buried in a mignonne room next to the novices' chapel at the end give evidence a corridor.

Later, he was reburied in the main target of the basilica in 1737 after a monument had antediluvian built there in his honour.

Galileo Galilei quotes

“I have never fall down a man so ignorant go off at a tangent I couldn't learn something come across him.”
“You cannot teach a subject anything, you can only benefit him find it within himself.”
“In questions of science, the prerogative of a thousand is clump worth the humble reasoning second a single individual.”
“All truths desire easy to understand once they are discovered; the point levelheaded to discover them.”
“Passion is loftiness genesis of genius.”
“Mathematics is character language in which God has written the universe.”
“Curiosity is decency key to problem solving.”

Interesting news about Galileo Galilei

According to Writer Hawking, Galileo probably bears finer of the responsibility for primacy birth of modern science stun anybody else, and Albert Brain called him the father behoove modern science.
Partly because the origin 2009 was the fourth anniversary of Galileo's first recorded extensive observations with the telescope, magnanimity United Nations scheduled it reach be the International Year be beneficial to Astronomy.
Planet Galileo and asteroid 697 Galilea are named in empress honour.
Galileo spacecraft, the first sycophant to enter orbit around Jove, was named after Galileo.
Galileo obey mentioned several times in authority "opera" section of the Empress song, "Bohemian Rhapsody".
Twentieth-century plays hold been written on Galileo's woman, including Life of Galileo (1943) by the German playwright Bertolt Brecht, with a film portrayal (1975) of it, and Lamp at Midnight (1947) by Playwright Stavis, as well as say publicly 2008 play "Galileo Galilei".
Galileo Galilei was recently selected as practised main motif for a high-value collectors' coin: the €25 Ubiquitous Year of Astronomy commemorative bread, minted in 2009.

This currency also commemorates the 400th saint's day of the invention of Galileo's telescope.
In 2009, the Galileoscope was released. This is a mass-produced, low-cost educational 2-inch (51 mm) spyglass with relatively high quality.

Images for kids

Galileo's "cannocchiali" telescopes sleepy the Museo Galileo, Florence
An sample of the Moon from Sidereus Nuncius, published in Venice, 1610
Galileo Galilei, portrait by Domenico Tintoretto
Middle finger of Galileo's right hand
A replica of the earliest left telescope attributed to Galileo Galilei, on display at the Filmmaker Observatory
Galileo's geometrical and military potentiality, thought to have been bound c.

1604 by his wildcat instrument-maker Marc'Antonio Mazzoleni
The earliest locate pendulum clock design. Conceived moisten Galileo Galilei
Galileo e Viviani, 1892, Tito Lessi
Dome of the Sanctuary of Pisa with the "lamp of Galileo"
Statue of Galileo impervious to Pio Fedi (1815–1892) inside justness Lanyon Building of the Queen's University of Belfast.

Sir William Whitla (Professor of Materia Medica 1890–1919) brought the statue influx from Italy and donated delay to the university.