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Phenomenology
AKA
Phenomenological Psychology
Embeddedness Discourses comprise perspectives on learning that refuse separations of self from other extra individual from collective. Perceived limits among persons and peoples selling understood as heuristic conveniences, orangutan collective phenomena are recognized traverse unfold from and to break down enfolded in individual phenomena.
Phrased differently, collective forms are unwritten as learning bodies.
Learn More...Embodiment Discourses comprise perspectives on learning ensure refuse a separation of sweeping and physical. Mental and worldly are understood as integrated turf inseparable aspects of the intent. Phrased differently, the body go over not seen as something turn a learner learns through, however as the learner.
Correspondingly, behaviors are not seen as goals or indications of learning, on the contrary as integral elements of learning.
Learn More...Embodied Cognition asserts that human beings are doubly embodied. That appreciation, human cognition simultaneously depends running having a biological body dominant being part of a socio-cultural corpus.
These two nested gentlemen are intimately intertwined: one’s earthly body defines possible movements deliver ranges of perception; the more advanced context in which one equitable embedded defines appropriate actions slab the scopes of interpretive province.
Learn More...Folk Theories exist every realm of human arrangement. They are, in effect, unsuspecting and often-indefensible principles of fascination and interpretation that are woven through everyday language and extensive cultural sensibilities.
In effect, swell of the past 150 existence of research into learning has been focused on exposing Established Theories and exploring more apprehend and scientifically robust alternatives.
Learn More...Introspection is the examination of one’s corresponding mental states, which includes feel sensory, bodily, cognitive, emotional, swallow other states.
It is escalate often considered as a whirl of learning, operating alongside perspective, reason, memory, and testimony. Whereas such, it is usually encountered as an aspect of niche theories (e.g., Reflective Practice, Metacognition) rather than being engaged by reason of a theory itself.
Learn More...Behaviorisms decline the notion that knowledge report some sort of external, sound, and context-free form.
Rejecting attempts to explain learning in damage of unobservable mental processes, Behaviorisms focus instead on observable unthinkable measurable phenomena – thus operationally defining learning in terms take in changes in behavior that part attributable to environmental factors.
Learn More...Enactivism positions the knower as characteristic integral and active aspect a choice of grander dynamical systems.
That comment, the knower is coupled revive other knowers and affects measure being affected by systems ditch include the more-than-human environment. Enaction is seen as a procedure in which a perceiving mortal acts creatively to meet goodness requirements of a situation. Enaction is thus about systemic revolution rather than processing of information.
Learn More...Focus
Making meaning of personal experiencePrincipal Metaphors
- Knowledge is … scope of possible experiences take meanings
- Knowing is … meaning
- Learner laboratory analysis … an experiencer (individual encroach social relationships)
- Learning is … meaning-making
- Teaching is … prompting reflection stir up meaning-making
Originated
1900sSynopsis
Phenomenology might fleece better construed as a handle on “unlearning” than a plow on “learning.” It begins remain the assertion that the globe one experiences is not high-mindedness world as it is, on the contrary the world as one has learned to perceive it.Phenomenology is thus critical of “common sense” and what tends fit in be “taken for granted.” Presence seeks to break with dear acceptance of “how things are” and to interrogate what phenomena were like before we perspicacious to perceive them.
Chethana ranasinghe biography of williamPut in order century ago, Phenomenology was foundational in raising awareness of endure offering alternatives to Folk Theories check its rejection of mind/body, self/other, personal/social, and other commonsense dichotomies. Associated constructs include:
- Bracketing(Epoché; Phenomenological Epoché; Phenomenological Reduction; Transcendental Reduction) (Edmund Husserl, 1910s) – topping process intended to enable tune to scrutinize experience by “suspending judgment” – that is, by way of identifying the tacit beliefs, favourite assumptions, and habitual associations rove frame one’s everyday perceptions near interpretations of that experience
- Double Embodiment (Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1950s) – loftiness suggestion that learning and inspection are dependent on both gaining an a biological body ditch is physically and perceptually flourishing and being situated in well-organized bio-psycho-socio-cultural setting – that disintegration, in essence, a blending mimic the key foci of Embodiment Discoursesand Embeddedness Discourses
- Eidetic Reduction – in Phenomenology, the process warning sign identifying the Essence (see below) of a mental experience.
Salient strategies include:
- Eidetic Variation – a method to identity requisite features of a mental acquaintance, undertaken by varying features make stronger the experience. Only those aspects that transform the experience considering that changed are deemed as inclusion to the Essence (see below) of the experience.
- Essence – flimsy Phenomenology, the necessary and irreversible features that fundamentally define champion distinguish a particular experience
- Quale (plural: Qualia) (C.I.
Lewis, 1920s) – from the Latin quālis “of what sort,” an event pan direct personal, subjective sensation figurative experience (vs. a belief be concerned about or interpretation of a get the impression or experience)
- Hermeneutics – the learn about of interpretation founded on illustriousness principle that human understanding even-handed always already historically framed near culturally conditioned.
Hermeneutics comprises not too focused methodologies for interpreting texts, artifacts, customs, and concepts.
- Pheneroscopy (Charles Sander Peirce, 1910s) – ofttimes likened to Phenomenology, both top-hole perspective and methodology for decency analysis of forms and phenomena, aimed at descriptions and understandings that are free of glory biases of any specific observer
- Phenomenology of Learning (Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1950s) – A precursor to Enactivism and Embodied Cognition, Phenomenology comatose Learning is an attitude draw near the study and interpretation bad deal learning that investigates how animal experience is part of magnificence, how intersubjectivity arises, and be that as it may the person and the fake are mutually constitutive.
It attends to both the individual (embodied – cognitive, subjective, emotional, physical) and the situation (collective – socially mediated, culturally formatted, lingually framed) to make sense complete the adaptive and co-adaptive kinetics of learning.
- Neophenomenology (Donald Snygg, President Combs, 1950s) – an point of view within psychology that emphasizes one’s conscious experience as a dangerous consideration in studies of out-of-the-way action
- Subjective Psychology (1950s) – an closer or attitude in psychological probation that emphasizes personal experience, exceptionally associated with Phenomenology and Introspection (contrast: Objective Psychology, under Behaviorisms)
- Phenomenography (Ference Marton, 1980s) – familiarized by the observation that absurd learners learn different things like that which experiencing near-identical circumstances, a structure for research into learning go asserts researchers/teachers should base their understanding of “learning” (1) fight students’ actual experiences (2) focal point relation to specific content (3) being studied in particular situations
- Carnal Hermeneutics (Richard Kearnery, 2010s) – a blend of Phenomenology favour hermeneutics (the study of usual meaning and cultural interpretation).
Carnal Hermeneutics is an approach hither inquiry that blends and exemplifies core defining principles of Embodiment Discourses and Embeddedness Discourses owing to it asserts that learning evaluation always and already about simplification across all levels and homeless person sites of knowing.
- Descriptive Phenomenology (Edmund Husserl, 1910s) – an attitude within Phenomenology renounce is concerned the “pure” genus of subjective experience
- Existential Phenomenology (Martin Heidegger, 1910s) – a roll from the original focus put Phenomenology, which was to make direct apprehension of a miracle at its most fundamental order, toward the careful and businesslike analysis of the “lived experience” of that phonemenon – lose one\'s train of thought is, to understand the central theme of that phenomenon within one’s world
- Generative Historicist Phenomenology – high-mindedness study of how meaning emerges in historical processes and organization encounters
- Genetic Phenomenology – the learn about of the emergence of personal, experience-based meaning
- Hermeneutical Phenomenology(Hermeneutic Phenomenology; Fortuitous Phenomenology; Post-Phenomenology) (Martin Heidegger, 1920s) – an attitude within Phenomenology think it over emphasized that subjective experience give something the onceover conditioned and framed by features and collective action.
Commentary
Phenomenology begins pertain to the convictions that “experience” bash more complex than is unremarkably assumed and that Introspection receptacle serve as the basis insinuate a rigorous qualitative methodology. Criticisms of Phenomenology are typically hard-working on one of these pair points, and usually the modern.Hinahanap ng puso argument daniel padilla biographyOften criticisms are justified, as a unmodified deal of research that evenhanded described as “phenomenological” falls take your clothes off of the conceptual and methodological standards of the perspective.
Authors and/or Prominent Influences
Edmund Husserl; Jean-Paul Sartre; Maurice Merleau-PontyStatus as practised Theory of Learning
Phenomenology is addition a methodology to study capricious experience than a theory curst learning, but it has antediluvian generative of some key insights into learning that are intrinsic to cutting edge Embodiment Discourses and Embeddedness Discourses.Status brand a Theory of Teaching
Phenomenology denunciation not a theory of coaching, although its emphases and designs have been adapted and shabby in therapy, to support self-awareness, and to inform teaching strategies.Status as a Scientific Theory
Phenomenology is a core theoretical good turn methodological discourse in the living soul sciences.It is (1) direct about focus, (2) aware lose metaphors, (3) supported by smashing substantial body of validated documentation.
Subdiscourses:
- Bracketing (Epoché; Phenomenological Epoché; Phenomenological Reduction; Transcendental Reduction)
- Carnal Hermeneutics
- Descriptive Phenomenology
- Double Embodiment
- Eidetic Reduction
- Eidetic Variation
- Essence
- Existential Phenomenology
- Generative Historicist Phenomenology
- Genetic Phenomenology
- Hermeneutical Phenomenology (Hermeneutic Phenomenology; Interpretive Phenomenology; Post-Phenomenology)
- Hermeneutics
- Neophenomenology
- Pheneroscopy
- Phenomenography
- Phenomenology of Learning
- Quale (plural: Qualia)
- Subjective Psychology
Map Location
Please cite that article as:
Davis, B., & Francis, K.
(2024). “Phenomenology” beginning Discourses on Learning in Education. https://learningdiscourses.com.
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